Diabetes runs in my family pretty badly. My grandmother and grandfather on two different sides had it, two of my cousins had it, my father has it, and my brother has it.
The difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes is mostly in diagnosis. type 1 is usually diagnosed in childhood, whereas type 2 is usually discovered in adulthood. type 1 diabetes can NOT be prevented, but type 2 can if I recall correctly. Both types increase the risk for heart attacks, strokes, or foot amputations. The most important difference is probably how in type 1 Diabetes, hypoglycemia is pretty common. In type 2 diabetes, you don't have any episodes of hypoglycemia. Type 2 diabetes is all around less mild than type 1, but it's still a serious condition.
The most important thing you can do when you have diabetes is make sure you know your limit, not just for eating but for exercising, sleep, any daily activities you do. Diabetes generally urges people to eat healthier, exercise more, and stick to a schedule of taking insulin or other diabetes-related medicine they might have to take. As far as diet change goes, you want to stay away from sweet things (unless, of course, your blood sugar gets low). Try to eat as healthy as possible if you don't already. Lifestyle changes are pretty dramatic. You have to always carry around your kit with you, make sure you stick to your schedule, and be sure to check your blood sugar regularly.
Sorry to hear your mom was diagnosed. Hopefully it isn't too bad.